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High altitude pulmonary edema

MedGen UID:
137935
Concept ID:
C0340100
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Pulmonary edema of mountaineers
SNOMED CT: Pulmonary edema of mountaineers (233707008); High altitude pulmonary edema (233707008)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0031257
Orphanet: ORPHA330012

Definition

A rare pulmonary condition characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurring in otherwise healthy individuals within days of an ascent above 2500-3000 m. Early symptoms include exertional dyspnea, non-productive cough, chest tightness, and reduced exercise performance, followed by dyspnea at rest and possibly orthopnea, as well as gurgling in the chest and pink frothy sputum in advanced cases. Clinical signs are cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles or wheezing, and elevated body temperature (generally not exceeding 38.5°C). Signs of concomitant high-altitude cerebral edema may also be observed. Chest x-rays typically show patchy opacities predominantly in the right middle lobe. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHigh altitude pulmonary edema

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Luks AM, Beidleman BA, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
Wilderness Environ Med 2024 Mar;35(1_suppl):2S-19S. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.05.013. PMID: 37833187
Luks AM, Auerbach PS, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
Wilderness Environ Med 2019 Dec;30(4S):S3-S18. Epub 2019 Jun 24 doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.04.006. PMID: 31248818
Imray C, Wright A, Subudhi A, Roach R
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010 May-Jun;52(6):467-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.003. PMID: 20417340

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Luks AM, Beidleman BA, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
Wilderness Environ Med 2024 Mar;35(1_suppl):2S-19S. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.05.013. PMID: 37833187
Sydykov A, Mamazhakypov A, Maripov A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Sarybaev AS, Schermuly RT
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Feb 10;18(4) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041692. PMID: 33578749Free PMC Article
Johnson NJ, Luks AM
Med Clin North Am 2016 Mar;100(2):357-69. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.09.002. PMID: 26900119
Khodaee M, Grothe HL, Seyfert JH, VanBaak K
Sports Health 2016 Mar-Apr;8(2):126-32. doi: 10.1177/1941738116630948. PMID: 26863894Free PMC Article
Lopez JI, Holdridge A, Mendizabal JE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013 Dec;17(12):383. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0383-2. PMID: 24173612

Diagnosis

Luks AM, Beidleman BA, Freer L, Grissom CK, Keyes LE, McIntosh SE, Rodway GW, Schoene RB, Zafren K, Hackett PH
Wilderness Environ Med 2024 Mar;35(1_suppl):2S-19S. Epub 2023 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.05.013. PMID: 37833187
Dunham-Snary KJ, Wu D, Sykes EA, Thakrar A, Parlow LRG, Mewburn JD, Parlow JL, Archer SL
Chest 2017 Jan;151(1):181-192. Epub 2016 Sep 16 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.09.001. PMID: 27645688Free PMC Article
Lopez JI, Holdridge A, Mendizabal JE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013 Dec;17(12):383. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0383-2. PMID: 24173612
Gallagher SA, Hackett PH
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2004 May;22(2):329-55, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2004.02.001. PMID: 15163571
Zafren K, Honigman B
Emerg Med Clin North Am 1997 Feb;15(1):191-222. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70291-1. PMID: 9056576

Therapy

Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y
Respir Med 2018 Dec;145:145-152. Epub 2018 Nov 8 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.004. PMID: 30509704
Khodaee M, Grothe HL, Seyfert JH, VanBaak K
Sports Health 2016 Mar-Apr;8(2):126-32. doi: 10.1177/1941738116630948. PMID: 26863894Free PMC Article
Lopez JI, Holdridge A, Mendizabal JE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013 Dec;17(12):383. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0383-2. PMID: 24173612
Imray C, Wright A, Subudhi A, Roach R
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010 May-Jun;52(6):467-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.003. PMID: 20417340
Grocott MP, Martin DS, Levett DZ, McMorrow R, Windsor J, Montgomery HE; Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group
N Engl J Med 2009 Jan 8;360(2):140-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0801581. PMID: 19129527

Prognosis

Jin T, Lu H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang W, Wang Y, He X, Yuan D, He Y
Gene 2022 Aug 5;834:146590. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146590. PMID: 35623478
Bebic Z, Brooks Peterson M, Polaner DM
Paediatr Anaesth 2022 Feb;32(2):118-125. doi: 10.1111/pan.14380. PMID: 34919777
Shakoori TA, Hafeez MM, Malik A
Acta Clin Croat 2020 Dec;59(4):740-744. doi: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.21. PMID: 34285445Free PMC Article
Ward SA, Grocott MPW, Levett DZH
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017 Jul;14(Supplement_1):S140-S148. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201701-043OT. PMID: 28590162
Netzer N, Strohl K, Faulhaber M, Gatterer H, Burtscher M
J Travel Med 2013 Jul-Aug;20(4):247-55. Epub 2013 Mar 11 doi: 10.1111/jtm.12017. PMID: 23809076

Clinical prediction guides

Jin T, Lu H, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang W, Wang Y, He X, Yuan D, He Y
Gene 2022 Aug 5;834:146590. Epub 2022 May 25 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146590. PMID: 35623478
Shakoori TA, Hafeez MM, Malik A
Acta Clin Croat 2020 Dec;59(4):740-744. doi: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.21. PMID: 34285445Free PMC Article
Mojadidi MK, Ruiz JC, Chertoff J, Zaman MO, Elgendy IY, Mahmoud AN, Al-Ani M, Elgendy AY, Patel NK, Shantha G, Tobis JM, Meier B
Cardiol Rev 2019 Jan/Feb;27(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000205. PMID: 29570476
Ward SA, Grocott MPW, Levett DZH
Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017 Jul;14(Supplement_1):S140-S148. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201701-043OT. PMID: 28590162
Bärtsch P
Respiration 1997;64(6):435-43. doi: 10.1159/000196720. PMID: 9383819

Recent systematic reviews

Poudel S, Gautam S, Adhikari P, Zafren K
High Alt Med Biol 2024 Mar;25(1):16-25. Epub 2023 Sep 25 doi: 10.1089/ham.2022.0043. PMID: 37751174
Ucrós S, Aparicio C, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Ivy D
Pediatr Pulmonol 2023 Apr;58(4):1059-1067. Epub 2022 Dec 29 doi: 10.1002/ppul.26294. PMID: 36562650
Su Z, Zhu L, Wu J, Zhao R, Ji HL
Sci Rep 2016 Aug 4;6:30780. doi: 10.1038/srep30780. PMID: 27488696Free PMC Article

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